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universal composability
The framework of universal composability (UC)〔R. Canetti. Universally Composable Security: A New Paradigm for Cryptographic Protocols. ()〕 is a general-purpose model for the analysis of cryptographic protocols. It guarantees very strong security properties. Protocols remain secure even if arbitrarily composed with other instances of the same or other protocols. Security is defined in the sense of protocol emulation. Intuitively, a protocol is said to emulate another one, if no environment (observer) can distinguish the executions. Literally, the protocol may simulate the other protocol (without having access to the code). The notion of security is derived by implication. Assume a protocol is secure per definition. If another protocol emulates protocol such that no environment tells apart the emulation from the execution of the protocol, then the emulated protocol is as secure as protocol .
== Ideal functionality ==
An ideal functionality is a protocol in which a trusted party that can communicate over perfectly secure channels with all protocol participants computes the desired protocol outcome. We say that a cryptographic protocol that cannot make use of such a trusted party fulfils an ideal functionality, if the protocol can emulate the behaviour of the trusted party for honest users, and if the view that an adversary learns by attacking the protocol is indistinguishable from what can be computed by a simulator that only interacts with the ideal functionality.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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